Purba Java: Health

Identify and Address the Underlying Causes of Disturbed Sleep Patterns

Disturbed sleep patterns, also known as sleep disruptions or sleep disturbances, refer to any interruptions or abnormalities in a person's regular sleep cycle. These disruptions can occur for various reasons and may negatively impact the overall quality and duration of sleep. Some common causes of disturbed sleep patterns include:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPSvrpa2h5ZDpwt0eZz8oQC2YK6outs4i1iUqQz2DWsn6Iu65gZGMlfRONoMgl4rC6mX3R0kXDTu2hDcdxJUmPj4u-b2IPmJcUNdOKHveK85ADdHuS2FdOH4lXmczndNo0H24s6ohbKcQww3mErJbT9YJMncH7KntCXS12coson_pT-t0ZNU-8oDbWoqdq/s610/sleep_disorders.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="610" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPSvrpa2h5ZDpwt0eZz8oQC2YK6outs4i1iUqQz2DWsn6Iu65gZGMlfRONoMgl4rC6mX3R0kXDTu2hDcdxJUmPj4u-b2IPmJcUNdOKHveK85ADdHuS2FdOH4lXmczndNo0H24s6ohbKcQww3mErJbT9YJMncH7KntCXS12coson_pT-t0ZNU-8oDbWoqdq/s320/sleep_disorders.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Stress and Anxiety: High levels of stress or anxiety can make it difficult to relax and fall asleep, as well as lead to wakefulness during the night. This is often associated with racing thoughts or worries.</li><li>Poor Sleep Hygiene: Bad sleep habits, such as irregular bedtimes, excessive screen time before bed, or consuming caffeine or alcohol too close to bedtime, can disrupt sleep patterns.</li><li>Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or chronic pain can disrupt sleep. Other conditions like depression and bipolar disorder can also affect sleep patterns.</li><li>Medications: Some medications can interfere with the sleep-wake cycle as a side effect. If you suspect that your medication is causing sleep disturbances, consult your healthcare provider.</li><li>Environmental Factors: Noise, light, and temperature can all affect sleep quality. A noisy environment, excessive light, or a room that's too hot or too cold can disrupt sleep patterns.</li><li>Shift Work: People who work irregular or rotating shifts often experience disturbed sleep patterns because their sleep-wake cycle is out of sync with their natural circadian rhythm.</li><li>Jet Lag: Traveling across multiple time zones can disrupt your internal body clock and cause temporary sleep disturbances until your body adjusts.</li><li>Sleep Disorders: Conditions like insomnia, narcolepsy, and parasomnias (e.g., sleepwalking or night terrors) can lead to irregular sleep patterns.</li></ol> To address disturbed sleep patterns, it's important to identify and address the underlying causes. Some general tips for improving sleep quality include:<ul><li>Establish a consistent sleep schedule: Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends.</li><li>Create a sleep-conducive environment: Make your bedroom comfortable, quiet, and dark. Consider using white noise machines or blackout curtains if necessary.</li><li>Limit screen time before bed: The blue light from screens can interfere with your body's production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.</li><li>Manage stress: Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga, to reduce stress and anxiety.</li><li>Avoid stimulants and heavy meals close to bedtime: Caffeine, nicotine, and large meals can disrupt sleep.</li><li>Stay active: Regular physical activity can improve sleep, but avoid vigorous exercise close to bedtime.</li></ul>If sleep disturbances persist or are significantly affecting your daily life, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional or sleep specialist for a thorough evaluation and guidance on treatment options. They may recommend cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or other interventions tailored to your specific situation.

Identify and Address the Underlying Causes of Disturbed Sleep Patterns

Disturbed sleep patterns, also known as sleep disruptions or sleep disturbances, refer to any interruptions or abnormalities in a person...

Disturbed Sleep Pattern

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgnyakReX2SGOq-bJokPYZg43v20V44d-iuQH11O1UNgARM1q962EGI5Wa_9rWOUkKndAzeNWmVTMGEPc8WhP_9o60NfE8gjuTBcgTwk4fG_cf6Oeg2Z2k8dOmyknseVgr1WtGbYTxv0RJNpj6w9LlRfAsCWBhLxkfbjqIKJyCoxGQ5kO5MB0gWPYJkvw=s1300" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1300" data-original-width="1300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgnyakReX2SGOq-bJokPYZg43v20V44d-iuQH11O1UNgARM1q962EGI5Wa_9rWOUkKndAzeNWmVTMGEPc8WhP_9o60NfE8gjuTBcgTwk4fG_cf6Oeg2Z2k8dOmyknseVgr1WtGbYTxv0RJNpj6w9LlRfAsCWBhLxkfbjqIKJyCoxGQ5kO5MB0gWPYJkvw=s320" width="320" /></a></div>Definition of Sleep Sleep is a mental need as well as a physical need for humans, because during sleep it will provide an opportunity for muscles to rest. Sleep is also a time when all the experiences felt by humans every day are processed and integrated by the mind. This is really very influential on infants and children, but everything depends on how well they sleep (Graham, 2004). Potter & Perry (2005) defines sleep as a repetitive state, a change in the state of consciousness that occurs during a certain period. Adequate sleep can restore energy. Sleep can provide time for repair and healing of the body's systems for the next period of wakefulness. Sleep Pattern Everyone has a sleep-wake cycle that is used to determine when is the right time to sleep. This time can be supported by light or sunlight during the day, eating habits and activities carried out as usual at certain times of the day. Someone who has a regular sleep-wake pattern is more likely to show quality sleep and better performance than people who have a changing sleep-wake pattern (Harkreader, Hogan & Thobaben, 2007). Changed sleep patterns and if the individual has not adapted to these changes it will result in disturbed sleep patterns. Carpenito (2002) defines sleep pattern disorders as a condition when individuals experience or are at risk of experiencing changes in the quality and quantity of rest patterns that cause discomfort or interfere with the desired lifestyle. Sleep Quality Sleep quality is the ability of each person to maintain a state of sleep and to get appropriate stages of REM and NREM sleep (Kozier, et al, 2004). Good sleep quality will be characterized by calm sleep, feeling refreshed when you wake up in the morning and individuals feeling full of enthusiasm to carry out life activities others (Craven & Himle, 2000). Sleep Quantity The quantity of sleep is the total amount of sleep an individual has (Kozier, 2004). The amount of sleep needed by each individual varies according to the stage of development, from infants to the elderly. Sleep Disorder Sleep disturbances are conditions which, if left untreated, will generally lead to disturbed nighttime sleep resulting in one of the following three problems; insomnia, abnormal movement sensations during sleep or when awake in the middle of the night or feeling excessively sleepy during the day (Naylor & Aldrich, 1994 in Potter & Perry, 2005). Thorpy (1994) in Potter & Perry (2005) divides sleep disorders into four categories, namely: a. Dyssomnia1) Intrinsic sleep disorder Psychophysiological insomnia, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. 2) Extrinsic sleep disorders Inadequate sleep hygiene, inadequate sleep syndrome, hypnotic dependent sleep disorder, alcohol dependent sleep disorder. 3) Circadian rhythm sleep disorders Time shift syndrome (jet lag), sleep disturbance due to working hours, delayed sleep phase syndrome. b. Parasomnia 1) Disturbance of wakefulness Sleepwalking, sleep terrors. 2) Sleep-wake transition disorder Talking in sleep, nocturnal leg cramps. 3) Parasomnias are usually associated with REM sleep Nightmares, REM sleep behavior disorder. 4) Miscellaneous parasomnias Sleep bruxism (moving teeth), sleep enuresis (wetting the bed), sudden infant death syndrome. c. Sleep disorders related to medical/psychiatric disorders Mood disorders, anxiety disorders 1) Associated with neurological disorders Dementia, parkinsonism. 2) Associated with other medical disorders Nocturnal cardiac ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. d. Sleep disturbances that are still being proposed Sleep disturbances related to menstrual syndrome choking while sleeping. There are three types of sleep disorders, namely dyssomnia, parasomnias and secondary sleep disorders. The term dyssomnia relates to problems with the amount of sleep, the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Parasomnias consist of a group of problems related to states of wakefulness, partial wakefulness or transitional sleep stages. These problems can interfere with sleep, but do not usually cause excessive sleepiness. Secondary sleep disturbances are associated with psychiatric, neurological or other medical problems.

Disturbed Sleep Pattern

Definition of Sleep Sleep is a mental need as well as a physical need for humans, because during sleep it will provide an opportunity for mu...

Sleep Disorders - Causes, Symptoms and How to Overcome

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghJrz1q5i-VfL_xO5RsuwCbkBnEAc4KDwNZh_WTHBnKf9ziCvZszYUGhMhmNshNsIcwzopV5sjZBJkHaho_kibKGybgaq2utY2mCcFYVXj81UpReQnpD6HiXkN-gXt6YT5-H00BOekao6sIQGjolA45lMUptQGJX2Sl--BJO_YzpSrxG4xtyDGOViGMw=s251" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="251" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghJrz1q5i-VfL_xO5RsuwCbkBnEAc4KDwNZh_WTHBnKf9ziCvZszYUGhMhmNshNsIcwzopV5sjZBJkHaho_kibKGybgaq2utY2mCcFYVXj81UpReQnpD6HiXkN-gXt6YT5-H00BOekao6sIQGjolA45lMUptQGJX2Sl--BJO_YzpSrxG4xtyDGOViGMw" width="251" /></a></div>Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep. People with insomnia have one or more of the following symptoms:<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Trouble sleeping</li><li>Frequently waking up at night and having trouble falling back asleep</li><li>Wake up too early</li><li>Feeling tired when wake up</li></ul> Types of Insomnia There are two types of insomnia: primary insomnia and secondary insomnia.<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Primary insomnia: Primary insomnia means that a person has trouble sleeping that is not directly related to another health condition or problem.</li><li>Secondary insomnia: Secondary insomnia means that a person is having trouble sleeping because of something else, such as a health condition (such as asthma, depression, arthritis, cancer, or heartburn); pain; the drugs they take; or the substances they use (such as alcohol).</li></ul> Acute vs Chronic Insomnia Insomnia also varies in how long it lasts and how often it occurs. It can be short term (acute insomnia) or it can last a long time (chronic insomnia). It can also come and go, with periods of time when a person has no trouble sleeping. Acute insomnia can last from one night to several weeks. Insomnia is called chronic when a person experiences insomnia at least three nights a week for a month or more. Causes of Insomnia Causes of acute insomnia can include:<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Significant life stress (loss of job or change, death of a loved one, divorce, moving)</li><li>Disease</li><li>Emotional or physical discomfort</li><li>Environmental factors such as noise, light, or extreme temperatures (hot or cold) that interfere with sleep</li><li>Some medications (such as those used to treat colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma) can interfere with sleep</li><li>Interference in normal sleep schedule (switching from day to night shift, for example)</li></ul> Causes of chronic insomnia include:<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Depression and/or anxiety</li><li>Chronic stress</li><li>Pain or discomfort at night</li></ul> Symptoms of Insomnia Symptoms of insomnia can include:<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Sleepy during the day</li><li>General fatigue</li><li>Irritability</li><li>Problems with concentration or memory</li></ul> Good Sleep Habits to Overcome Insomnia Good sleep habits can help you to sleep well and overcome insomnia. Here are some tips:<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Try to go to bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time every morning.</li><li>Try not to take naps during the day, as naps can make you less sleepy at night.</li><li>Avoid using cell phones or old reading devices (“e-books”) that give off light before bed. This can make it harder to fall asleep.</li><li>Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol at the end of the day. Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants and make you fall asleep. Alcohol can cause you to wake up during the night and interfere with sleep quality.</li><li>Get regular exercise. Try not to exercise before bed, as it can stimulate you and make it difficult to fall asleep. Experts recommend not exercising at least three to four hours before bedtime.</li><li>Don't eat heavy meals at the end of the day. However, a light snack before bed can help you sleep.</li><li>Make your bedroom comfortable. Make sure that it is dark, quiet, and not too warm or too cold. If light is a problem, try a sleep mask. If noise is a problem, try earplugs, fans, or a “white noise” machine to mask the sound.</li><li>Follow a routine to help you relax before bed. Read a book, listen to music, or take a shower.</li><li>Avoid using your bed for anything other than sleep or sex.</li><li>If you can't fall asleep and don't feel sleepy, get up and read or do something less stimulating until you feel sleepy.</li><li>If you find yourself waking up worrying about something, try making a to-do list before you go to bed. This can help you not focus on those worries overnight.</li></ul> Source : <a href="https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes#1">https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes#1</a>

Sleep Disorders - Causes, Symptoms and How to Overcome

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep. People with insomnia have one or more of the following symptoms: Tr...

Pathophysiology of Malaria

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_xdjo6qkzdAWhjftkOfM_X9EBlzlWvK6MLy-XuzgRE1lPk6Wa-cQSeOlTZUA4qog6l6a7EOLtu0I8YhtVjF-8kmQfiBlUEJQ1o3eJuW6j-rjUAyiZS32sOTZmi-GtwL-j3wY0A2lqBp-o/s1280/Pathophysiology+of+Malaria.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Pathophysiology of Malaria" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_xdjo6qkzdAWhjftkOfM_X9EBlzlWvK6MLy-XuzgRE1lPk6Wa-cQSeOlTZUA4qog6l6a7EOLtu0I8YhtVjF-8kmQfiBlUEJQ1o3eJuW6j-rjUAyiZS32sOTZmi-GtwL-j3wY0A2lqBp-o/w320-h180/Pathophysiology+of+Malaria.jpg" title="Pathophysiology of Malaria" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Malaria</td></tr></tbody></table>Plasmodium parasites that reproduce by separating the body can multiply in the human liver system very quickly into thousands in just a few minutes after this parasite is injected by a feeding female Anopheles mosquito.There are two stages of development of malaria, namely the exoerthrocitic stage and the erythrocitic stage. The exoeryhrocitic stage is the stage where infection occurs in the human liver system caused by the plasmodium parasite, while the erythrocitic stage is the stage of infection in red blood cells (erythrocytes).After entering through the blood and reaching the human liver system, this parasite will multiply rapidly which then exits and infects red blood cells, which is the process that causes fever in malaria sufferers. Furthermore, the plasmodium parasite will continue to multiply in red blood cells which then come out to infect other red blood cells that are still healthy, this is what causes symptoms of fever or fluctuating fever in malaria sufferers.Although the human spleen system can actually destroy red blood cells infected by parasites, the Plasmodium falciparum parasite can make red blood cells stick to small blood vessels by releasing adhesive proteins, so that infected red blood cells cannot enter the spleen system to be destroyed. With this ability, Plasmodium falciparum often becomes an acute malaria disease, due to the ability to attach infected red blood cells to the walls of small blood vessels simultaneously so that it can block blood circulation to the brain which often results in a coma in malaria sufferers.In contrast, some plasmodium vivax or ovale parasites do not have a lethal tendency like Plasmdium falciparum, but have the ability to produce hypnosoites that remain active for months or even years. So that people with malaria caused by Plasmodium often experience new malaria relapses and relapses for several months or even years after being infected for the first time and is very difficult to eradicate completely from the infected human body.The pathophysiology of malaria is not known with certainty. The pathophysiology of malaria is multifactorial and may be related to the following:1. Erythrocyte destruction.The destruction of erythrocytes is not only by rupture of erythrocytes containing parasites, but also by phagocytosis of erythrocytes containing parasites and those that do not contain parasites, causing anemia and tissue anoxia. With severe intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria (blackwater fever) may occur and may result in renal failure.2. Endotoxin-macrophage mediators.During schizogony, erythrocytes containing parasites trigger endotoxin-sensitive macrophages to release various mediators that play a role in changes in the pathophysiology of malaria. Endotoxin is not present in the malaria parasite, probably from the gastrointestinal tract. The malaria parasite itself can release tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF is a monokine, found in the blood of animals and humans infected with the malaria parasite. TNF and other related cytokines cause fever, hypoglycemia and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with sequestration of neutrophil cells in the pulmonary vasculature. TNF can also destroy Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and can increase the attachment of parasitized erythrocytes to the capillary endothelium. Serum TNF concentrations in children with acute falciparum malaria are directly related to mortality, hypoglycemia, hyperparasitemia and disease severity.3. Sequestration of infected erythrocytes.Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum at an advanced stage can form knobs on their surface. These protrusions contain malaria antigens and react with malaria antibodies and are related to the affinity of erythrocytes containing Plasmodium falciparum to the endothelium of blood capillaries in the internal organs, so that schizogony takes place in the internal circulation, not in the peripheral circulation. Infected erythrocytes adhere to the endothelium of the blood capillaries and form a clot (sludge) that blocks the capillaries in the internal organs.Proteins and fluids seep through the leaky capillary membrane (become permeable) and cause tissue anoxia and edema. Sufficiently widespread tissue anoxia can cause death. Histidine-rich protein P. falciparum was found in the protrusions, there were at least four kinds of protein for the cytoplasm of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium P. falciparum. <a class="titlex" href="https://purba-java-indo.blogspot.com/2014/11/malaria-5-nursing-diagnosis.html" style="color: #0e0e0e; display: inline !important; font-family: "Open Sans", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration-line: none;">Malaria - 5 Nursing Diagnosis</a><a class="titlex" href="https://purba-java-indo.blogspot.com/2017/01/12-type-of-mosquito-that-may-be-around.html" style="background-color: white; color: #0e0e0e; display: inline !important; font-family: "Open Sans", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration-line: none;">12 Types of Mosquito That May be Around You</a><div><a class="titlex" href="https://purba-java-indo.blogspot.com/2021/09/pathophysiology-of-urticaria.html" style="color: #0e0e0e; display: inline !important; font-family: "Open Sans", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration-line: none;">Pathophysiology of Urticaria</a></div>

Pathophysiology of Malaria

Malaria Plasmodium parasites that reproduce by separating the body can multiply in the human liver system very quickly into thousands in jus...

Pathophysiology of Urticaria

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQPnmw2AXLdhABw8iOIeFO-XpON3AW8Ahw1waLmCj6EFu2Oa5RH6gdlf_BWWGc5SI3dcpFiDnlzkqDEFjZ28aNlkWlNrg8U0Gn4evDpIKpg6sqe_LZISX0do43J_4k2nQZrYz7dYPxlVY8/s800/Pathophysiology+of+Urticaria.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Pathophysiology of Urticaria" border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="800" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQPnmw2AXLdhABw8iOIeFO-XpON3AW8Ahw1waLmCj6EFu2Oa5RH6gdlf_BWWGc5SI3dcpFiDnlzkqDEFjZ28aNlkWlNrg8U0Gn4evDpIKpg6sqe_LZISX0do43J_4k2nQZrYz7dYPxlVY8/w320-h217/Pathophysiology+of+Urticaria.jpg" title="Pathophysiology of Urticaria" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Urticaria</td></tr></tbody></table>Urticaria is common and results from mast cell degranulation (type 1 immunologic reaction) in response to antigens, with the release of histamine and other vasoactive mediators, leading to erythema and edema. Of these patients, 70% had idiopathic urticaria (where the antigen is unknown), the remainder had other forms of urticaria. Urticaria, if severe, can also affect the subcutaneous tissue and cause angioedema (swelling of the hands, lips, around the eyes, and although rare, it is important to pay attention to the tongue or larynx). (Davey, 2005)The process of acute urticaria begins with the binding of antigens to interconnected IgE receptors and then attachment to mast cells or basophils. Furthermore, activation of mast cells and basophils will mediate the release of various inflammatory mediators. Mast cells produce histamine, tryptase, chyme, and cytokines. These substances increase the degranulation ability of mast cells and stimulate increased ELAM and VCAM activity, which triggers migration of lymphocytes and granulocytes to the site of urticarial lesions (Anonymous, 2007).This event triggers an increase in vascular permeability and causes localized edema known as wheal. The patient feels itching and swelling in the dermal layer of the skin. Acute urticaria can occur systemically if the allergen is absorbed deeper into the skin and reaches the circulation. This condition occurs in contact urticaria, for example urticaria that occurs due to wearing latex gloves, where the latex is absorbed by the skin and enters the bloodstream, causing systemic urticaria.Acute urticaria can also occur on stimulation of mast cells in the absence of IgE binding to allergens. For example, on exposure to radiocontrast media, where during the radiological process, there will be a change in osmolality in the environment which causes mast cells to degranulate (Anonymous, 2007).Immunological and non-immunologic factors are able to stimulate mast cells or basophils to release these mediators. In the non-immunologic, cyclic AMP (adenosine mono phosphate) may play an important role in mediator release. Several chemicals such as amines and amide derivatives, drugs such as morphine, codeine, polymyxin, and some antibiotics play a role in this condition.Cholinergic substances such as acetylcholine, released by cutaneous cholinergic nerves whose mechanism is not yet known, can directly influence mast cells to release mediators. Physical factors such as heat, cold, blunt trauma, X-rays, and massage can directly stimulate mast cells. Some conditions such as fever, heat, emotion, and alcohol can stimulate the capillaries directly, resulting in vasodilation and increased permeability (Djuanda, 2008).Immunological factors play a more important role in acute urticaria than chronic, usually IgE binds to the surface of mast cells and/or basophil cells due to the presence of Fc receptors. This situation is clearly seen in type I reactions (anaphylaxis), such as drug and food allergies.Complement also plays a role, classically or alternatively activation of complement causes the release of anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) which can stimulate mast cells and basophils, for example seen as a result of venom or bacterial toxins. Complement binding also occurs in urticaria due to cytotoxic reactions and immune complexes in this condition are also released anaphylatoxins. Urticaria due to contact occurs using insect ingredients, cosmetic ingredients, and cephalosporins. <a href="https://purba-java-indo.blogspot.com/2014/11/pathophysiology-of-tinnitus.html" itemprop="url" style="background-color: white; color: #141414; display: inline !important; font-family: "Open Sans", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 18.6px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration-line: none;">Pathophysiology of Tinnitus</a>

Pathophysiology of Urticaria

Urticaria Urticaria is common and results from mast cell degranulation (type 1 immunologic reaction) in response to antigens, with the relea...

Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) - Signs and Treatment

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In the adult population, estimated at less than 1% suffering from schizoid personality disorder. And a little more patient man than a woman. 
 
Signs of schizoid personality disorder, among others: 
Just a little activities that bring happiness. 
Emotion, cold, flat affect. 
Less able to express warmth, tenderness, or anger towards others. 
Apparent indifference to praise or criticism. 
Less interested in having the experience of sexual intercourse with another person (with age). 
Almost always chooses solitary activities. 
Dogged by excessive fantasy and introspection. 
Not having a close friend or a close personal relationship, and desire to have a relationship like that. 
Very sensitive to social norms and customs regulations. 
 
Excludes: Asperger's syndrome, delusional disorder, schizoid disorder of childhood, schizophrenia, personality disorders schizopital. 
 
Psychodynamics of Schizoid Personality Disorder 
 
Experts psychodynamic connecting schizoid personality disorder with feeling uncomfortable in interpersonal relationships, is believed to have parents with denial and violence in children (patients). 
 
Experts cognitive put people with schizoid personality disorder as people who have a deficiency or disorder thought process, where the mind sufferers tend to be vague and empty so that patients have difficulty concluding what is around. 
 
Treatment of Schizoid Personality Disorder 
 
Withdrawal of extreme social relationships of the patient and always maintain emotional distance with treatment providers, hinder the handling of Schizoid Personality Disorder. 
 
The therapy used was cognitive therapy (to help patients in a comfortable social interaction), behavioral therapy (to help patients improve social skills), group therapy (making the patient feel comfortable with the environment), and drug therapy (slightly useful).

Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) - Signs and Treatment

In the adult population, estimated at less than 1% suffering from schizoid personality disorder. And a little more patient man than a woma...

Steps In Nursing Process and Note On Nursing Process - PPT

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Nursing Process 
 
The nursing process is a modified scientific method. Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. It should not be confused with nursing theories or Health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later. 
 
The nursing process uses clinical judgement to strike a balance of epistemology between personal interpretation and research evidence in which critical thinking may play a part to categorize the clients issue and course of action. Nursing offers diverse patterns of knowing. Nursing knowledge has embraced pluralism since the 1970s. 
 
Some authors refer to a mind map or abductive reasoning as a potential alternative strategy for organizing care. Intuition plays a part for experienced nurses. (wikipedia) 
 
 
Steps In Nursing Process 
 
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Note On Nursing Process 
 
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Steps In Nursing Process and Note On Nursing Process - PPT

Nursing Process The nursing process is a modified scientific method. Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing proces...

PPT - Nursing Care Plan for Congestive Heart Failure, Chronic Renal Failure

Nursing Care Plan for Congestive Heart Failure Symptoms, Chronic Renal Failure 
 
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) 
 
Congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature. Chest pain, including angina, does not typically occur due to heart failure. 
 
 
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) 
 
Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal failure, chronic renal disease, or chronic kidney failure, is a slow progressive loss of kidney function over a period of several years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are not specific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. This disease may also be identified when it leads to one of its recognized complications, such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, pericarditis or renal osteodystrophy (the latter included in the novel term CKD-MBD). 
 
 
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PPT - Nursing Care Plan for Congestive Heart Failure, Chronic Renal Failure

Nursing Care Plan for Congestive Heart Failure Symptoms, Chronic Renal Failure Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive heart failur...

Nursing Care Plan Hypertension (powerpoint)

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Hypertension is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, and chronic kidney disease. 
 
Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100–140 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic and 60–90 mmHg diastolic. High blood pressure is present if the resting blood pressure is persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg for most adults. 
 
Some with high blood pressure report headaches (particularly at the back of the head and in the morning), as well as lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus (buzzing or hissing in the ears), altered vision or fainting episodes. These symptoms, however, might be related to associated anxiety rather than the high blood pressure itself. 
 
Source : wikipedia 
 
 
Nursing Care Plan Hypertension (powerpoint) 
 
 
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Nursing Care Plan Hypertension (powerpoint)

Hypertension is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure us...

12 Types of Mosquito That May be Around You

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae. Females of most species are ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouthparts (called a proboscis) pierce the hosts' skin to consume blood. Thousands of species feed on the blood of various kinds of hosts, mainly vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and even some kinds of fish. 
 
Here are 12 Type of Mosquito That May be Around You 
 
Aedes 
 
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Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity. First described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. 
 
Anopheles 
 
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Anopheles is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. About 460 species are recognised; while over 100 can transmit human malaria, only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria in humans in endemic areas. Anopheles gambiae is one of the best known, because of its predominant role in the transmission of the most dangerous malaria parasite species (to humans) – Plasmodium falciparum. 
 
Coquillettidia 
 
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Coquillettidia is a mosquito genus erected by entomologist Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr. in 1904 based primarily on unique features of its "peculiar" male genitalia. The specific epithet honors Dyar's colleague Daniel William Coquillett. 
 
Culex 
 
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Culex is a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis, and avian malaria. 
 
Culiseta 
 
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Culiseta is a genus of mosquitoes. Most Culiseta species are cold-adapted, and only occur in warmer climates during the colder parts of the year or at higher elevations where temperatures are lower. Species found in Southern California are larger than most mosquitoes species, specifically Cs. inornata, Cs. particeps and Cs. incidens. These species are found throughout the year in Southern California and feed on several vertebrate species encompassing birds, livestock, rodents, reptiles and humans. 
 
Eretmapodites 
 
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Eretmapodites are forest mosquitoes, but some have become adapted to life in banana plantations. Larvae are found in water contained in fallen leaves, fruit husks, leaf axils, snail shells, man-made containers, bamboo and rarely tree-holes. The larvae of two species occur in water held in the concave upper surface of polyporaceous fungi. Larvae of most species are facultative predators. Females apparently bite during the daytime. They will attack humans but probably prefer other hosts. 
 
Haemagogus 
 
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Haemagogus is a genus of mosquitoes in the dipteran family Culicidae. Species of this genus are vectors in the transmission of sylvan or "jungle" yellow fever which is often carried by monkeys in the forest canopies. Haemagogus species have also been found to carry the Mayaro virus and Ilheus virus. As these mosquitoes, in general, have relatively long lives, they can transmit viruses for long periods. 
 
Lutzia 
 
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Lutzia fuscana is a mosquito that is predatory in its larval stages. It has been investigated as a possible biological control agent, showing some promise where vector species share limited or specific breeding habitat. Immature forms of Lutzia fuscana have been collected from swamps, marshes, bogs, rice fields, ditches, grassy pools, rock and flood pools, stream pools and margins, tree holes and stump holes, crab holes, artificial containers, and tire depressions. 
 
Mansonia 
 
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Mansonia mosquitoes are big, black or brown mosquitoes with sparkling on their wings and legs. They breed in ponds and lakes containing certain aquatic plants, especially the floating type like Pistia stratiotes and water hyacinth. 
 
Sabethes 
 
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Sabethes genus mosquitoes are primarily arboreal, breeding in plant cavities. The type species is Sabethes locuples, first described by Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy in 1827. 
 
Toxorhynchites 
 
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Toxorhynchites, also called "elephant mosquito", or "mosquito eater" is a cosmopolitan genus of mosquitoes. The genus includes the largest known species of mosquito, and it is among the many kinds of mosquito that do not consume blood. The adults subsist on carbohydrate-rich materials, such as honeydew, or saps and juices from damaged plants, refuse, fruit, and nectar. 
 
Uranotaenia 
 
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Uranotaenia are small, delicate mosquitoes that are characterised by features of the wings. The immature stages of Uranotaenia utilise a range of habitats. The larvae of most species inhabit ground waters, including swamps, marshes, stream margins and temporary pools with vegetation, but many also utilise rock holes, crab holes, tree holes, bamboo, plant parts on the ground, leaf axils, flower bracts, pitcher plants and artificial containers. 
 
 
Source : 
https://en.wikipedia.org 
http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info

12 Types of Mosquito That May be Around You

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae . Females of most species are ectoparasites , whose tube-like mo...

Causes and Symptoms of Claustrophobia

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Claustrophobia is the fear of being enclosed in a small space or room and having no escape. 
 
Causes of Claustrophobia 
 
Several factors seen to cause claustrophobia in people are 
 
Traumatic events 
 
Claustrophobia is very likely to occur if the person has faced harmful and life-threatening situations in confined spaces previously. It can be events like getting trapped in a closet or bathroom, getting stuck in an elevator, accidents associated with train or airplanes or getting drowned in a pool. 
 
Evolutionary survival mechanism 
 
It has seen that the fear can be a resultant of the dormant evolutionary feature of human beings. The fear and anxiety of being in confined spaces is an in-built genetic feature of human being since early civilizations. Such dormant fear was used for defense against any danger during early civilizations, but now not necessary. It can take a form of phobia when confronted with resembling situations at present time. 
 
Depression 
 
A person is very much vulnerable to claustrophobia if he/she has some sort of other depressive disorders like Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social phobia or panic disorder. Such disorder may aggravate the feeling of need to escape from any space with people in them, and may make them claustrophobic. 
 
 
 
Symptoms of Claustrophobia 
 
Panic attacks are common among people with claustrophobia. They can be very frightening and distressing and symptoms often occur without warning. 
 
As well as overwhelming feelings of anxiety, a panic attack can also cause physical symptoms, such as: sweating, trembling, hot flushes or chills, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, a choking sensation, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), chest pain or a feeling of tightness in the chest, a sensation of butterflies in the stomach, nausea, headaches and dizziness, feeling faint, numbness or pins and needles, dry mouth, a need to go to the toilet, ringing in your ears, feeling confused or disorientated. 
 
If you have severe claustrophobia, you may also experience psychological symptoms such as: fear of losing control, fear of fainting, feelings of dread, fear of dying.

Causes and Symptoms of Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia is the fear of being enclosed in a small space or room and having no escape. Causes of Claustrophobia Several factors ...

Scope of Nursing Home Care

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Scope of Nursing Home Care 
 
In general, the scope of the Nursing Home Care can be grouped as follows: 
<ul>
<li>Medical and nursing care services.</li>
<li>Social services and efforts to create a therapeutic environment.</li>
<li>Rehabilitation services and physical therapy.</li>
<li>Information and referral to services.</li>
<li>Education, training and health education</li>
<li>Hygiene and sanitation of the individual and the environment.</li>
<li>Repair service for social activities.</li>
</ul>
According to Rice R (2001) Nursing Home Care include cases are common post-hospitalization and special cases are encountered in the community. 
 
The common case which is the post-treatment in hospital including: 
<ul>
<li>Clients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease,</li>
<li>Clients with heart failure,</li>
<li>Clients with impaired oxygenation,</li>
<li>Clients with chronic injury,</li>
<li>Clients with diabetes,</li>
<li>Clients with impaired urinary function,</li>
<li>Clients with state health recovery or rehabilitation,</li>
<li>Clients therapy with intravenous fluids at home,</li>
<li>Clients dysfunction persyarafan,</li>
<li>Clients with HIV / AIDS.</li>
</ul>
While the case with the special conditions, include: 
<ul>
<li>Clients with post childbirth,</li>
<li>Clients with mental health disorders,</li>
<li>Clients with the condition of the elderly,</li>
<li>Clients with a terminal condition.</li>
</ul>

Scope of Nursing Home Care

Scope of Nursing Home Care In general, the scope of the Nursing Home Care can be grouped as follows: Medical and nursing care services...

Nursing Home Care Services

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Home health care is one kind of long-term care that can be provided by professionals and non-professionals who have received training. Home health care, which is one form of health care is a component of the range of health care sustainable and comprehensive given to individuals and families in their residence which aims to improve, maintain or restore health and maximize the independence and minimize the impact of diseases, including terminal illness. Services that meet the needs of the individual patient and family, planned, coordinated and provided by the service provider organized to provide home care through staff or contractual arrangements or a combination of both (Warhola C, 1980). 
 
Sherwen (1991) defines a home health care as an integral part of nursing services performed by nurses to help individuals, families and communities achieve independence in solving the health problems they face. While Stuart (1998) describe the home health care as part of the nursing process in the hospital, which is a continuation of discharge planning, for clients who have time to go home from the hospital. Care at home is usually done by a nurse from the hospital initially, conducted by community nurses where the client is, or carried out by a special team to handle care at home. 
 
According to the "American Association of Nurses' (ANA) in 1992, home health care is a combination of public health care and technical skills of the chosen specialist nurses consisting of community nursing, gerontological nursing, psychiatric nurse, maternity nurses and medical-surgical nurse. Based on the above definition, we can conclude home health care include: 
<ul>
<li>A form of comprehensive health services aims to be more independent clients and their families,</li>
<li>Health services are provided at the client's premises by involving the client and his family as subjects who participated planning service activities,</li>
<li>The service is managed by a unit / facility / institutions both administrative aspects as well as aspects of the service by coordinating the various categories of professionals assisted by non-professional personnel, in the field of health and non health.</li>
</ul>

Nursing Home Care Services

Home health care is one kind of long-term care that can be provided by professionals and non-professionals who have received training. Ho...

Causes and Symptoms of Myoclonus Dystonia

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Myoclonus dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by movement jerks and twitches some body parts unconsciously. 
 
Symptoms of this disorder usually appear in childhood or early adolescence. 
 
Movement disorder triggered by certain movements, stress, caffeine, alcohol, or sound. 
 
When jerks movement causes muscle relaxation, the condition is called 'negative myoclonus'. 
 
Instead, jerks movement resulting muscle contraction, a condition called 'positive myoclonus'. 
 
 
Cause 
 
This rare disorder caused by mutations in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene (SGCE), who served encodes a protein ε-sarcoglycan. 
 
The function of this protein is unknown, but it is present in the cell membrane of neurons and muscle cells. This protein deficiency affects the control and coordination of movement. 
 
 
Symptom 
 
Myoclonus dystonia symptoms include the sudden movements and uncontrolled that generally affects the arms, neck, and limbs. 
 
There are very few cases in which the face and legs are also feeling the sudden movement. Symptoms tend to worsen as a result of alcohol consumption. 
 
Other symptoms that may be observed include <a href="http://purba-java-indo.blogspot.co.id/2015/09/definition-of-anxiety-according-to.html">anxiety</a>, depression, <a href="http://purba-java-indo.blogspot.co.id/2016/03/symptoms-and-causes-of-panic-attacks.html">panic attacks</a>, obsessive compulsive disorder, and other personality disorders. 
 
Myoclonus dystonia can develop gradually, and then stabilized, or may worsen over time.

Causes and Symptoms of Myoclonus Dystonia

Myoclonus dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by movement jerks and twitches some body parts unconsciously. Symptoms of this ...

Symptoms and Causes of Panic Attacks and Anxiety Disorders

In most cases, panic attacks are similar to anxiety attacks. 
 
However, both of these terms actually refer to two different health conditions. 
 
 
Differences between Panic Attacks and Anxiety Disorders 
 
 
Panic Attack 
 
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Panic Attack came suddenly, without warning, and without reason. 
 
Panic attacks are usually accompanied by the appearance of intense fear. In response, several physical reactions may also occur. 
 
In patients who experienced a terrible experience usually felt as though lost control of themselves or feel will die. 
 
The attack can also trigger chronic panic disorder. Patients will begin to avoid places or situations that trigger an attack. 
 
Symptoms: 
<ul>
<li>Heart palpitations.</li>
<li>Excessive sweating.</li>
<li>Rapid breathing or shortness of breath.</li>
<li>Rapid pulse.</li>
<li>Feel as if death is imminent at the time of the attack.</li>
<li>Trembling.</li>
<li>Nausea / vomiting.</li>
<li>Dizziness accompanied by headaches.</li>
<li>Pain and tightness in the chest.</li>
<li>Cramps in the stomach.</li>
<li>To feel faint.</li>
<li>Chills.</li>
<li>Difficulty swallowing food or liquids.</li>
<li>Feeling like in terror.</li>
<li>Tingling in various parts of the body.</li>
</ul>
 
Cause 
<ul>
<li>Panic attacks are considered a health problem that is idiopathic. That is, not yet known causes of this disorder.</li>
<li>However, factors that might contribute to trigger them are genetics, stress, and certain changes in the chemical composition of the brain (neurotransmitters).</li>
</ul>
 
 
<a href="http://purba-java-indo.blogspot.co.id/2015/09/definition-of-anxiety-according-to.html">Anxiety Disorders</a> 
 
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Anxiety Disorders associated with feelings that cause anxiety. 
 
Anxiety can not be detached from the daily life of every person. 
 
However, anxiety becomes abnormally when begin to interfere with daily activities and make a person can not live a normal life. 
 
 
 
 
 
Symptoms : 
<ul>
<li>The most visible symptom is the appearance of anxiety about things that may seem trivial.</li>
<li>Other symptoms include restlessness constant or continuous. Patients seemed restless and never quiet.</li>
<li>Concentration deteriorated, forgetful.</li>
<li>Irritable and tired.</li>
<li>Physical symptoms such as tension in the muscles and muscle pain.</li>
<li>Insomnia, difficulty breathing, profuse sweating, and nausea.</li>
</ul>
 
Cause 
<ul>
<li>Factors that cause for this condition is still unaccounted for sure.</li>
<li>Experts assume that the environmental conditions and certain abnormal changes in brain chemistry may contribute to trigger this condition.</li>
</ul>

Symptoms and Causes of Panic Attacks and Anxiety Disorders

In most cases, panic attacks are similar to anxiety attacks . However, both of these terms actually refer to two different health condit...

Are Your Lips Chapped ? Know Causes and Solutions

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Lips chapped or cracked (cheilitis) is a very common condition and most people have experienced. Most of these problems can be prevented and treated with simple measures. But under certain conditions when the problem does not go away / persistent, you may need to see a doctor to get proper treatment. 
 
Cause 
 
Lips have a thin layer of skin and do not contain oil glands like the skin on other parts so are more susceptible to drought and become chapped or cracked. Usually the bottom lip hit by more severe than the top. It can be caused by a number of factors, including the weather, excessive licking lips, dehydration / fasted and some drugs. 
<ul>
<li>Weather: lack of humidity and exposure to sunlight, especially if also dehydrated or fasting.</li>
<li>Licking lips: saliva contains acids that help break down food and to reduce moisture and irritate lips.</li>
<li>Drugs / supplements: vitamin A / retinoid drugs, lithium (for the treatment of psychiatric problems) and chemotherapy drugs.</li>
</ul>
In rare circumstances, chapped lips caused by other conditions such as infection, autoimmune disorders, allergies and malnutrition. 
 
 
Solution and Prevention 
 
Chapped lips can usually be treated at home. Here are the steps you can do to cope with and prevent chapped lips: 
 
Make sure that you have enough moisture lip with: 
<ul>
<li>Drink more water.</li>
<li>Avoid cold and dry weather. When you are traveling to an area where the air humidity is low, wrap your mouth with a scarf and coat lips with lip gloss (lip balm) or moisturizing lipstick. You can also use vegetable oil, petrolatum (Vaseline) or fish oil to keep the moisture in the lips.</li>
<li>Avoid the sun. Your lips do not contain melanin that protects from the sun so it is more flammable than other parts of the skin. When you need to bask in the sun, do prevention with a moisturizer that contains sunscreen SPF = 15 or more.</li>
<li>Check toothpaste / mouthwash. When chapped lips, toothpaste / mouthwash containing menthol, eucalyptus, and the like can irritate the lips. For a while, replace it with toothpaste / mouthwash softer.</li>
<li>Control instinct to lick your lips are chapped because it will only make it worse.</li>
<li>Do not rub, scrape, or bite flaky skin on the lips because it can cause bleeding, infection and slow healing ease.</li>
<li>Breathe through your nose. Breathing through the mouth can cause your lips to dry.</li>
</ul>
Dry lips and chapped usually can be prevented and managed with the simple steps above. If your lips are constantly dry and cracked did not improve with the steps above or have a condition so severe wounds, swollen and bloody in the corners, you should consult your doctor. Chapped lips are chronic and severe may indicate other underlying problems or have been complicated by infection.

Are Your Lips Chapped ? Know Causes and Solutions

Lips chapped or cracked (cheilitis) is a very common condition and most people have experienced. Most of these problems can be prevented ...

If You Have Sleep Pattern Disturbance

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Sleep pattern disturbance can make you difficult to sleep at night and do not fit in the daytime. Stress, anxiety, caffeine, alcohol, and watching TV in bed are the main reasons why people have trouble sleeping. To create a good sleep pattern, do the following: 
<ul>
<li>Create a fun routine activities before bed. Create a relaxed body and mind through prayer, meditation, listening to soft music and such.</li>
<li>Drinking a glass of warm milk 15 minutes before bedtime. Milk contains calcium which plays soothing nerves.</li>
<li>Avoid sports or activities that drain the energy in the hours before bedtime. Although exercise can reduce stress, it also increases the body temperature which makes you difficult to sleep.</li>
<li>Avoid caffeine (coffee, tea, chocolate), alcohol and food / sugary drinks. Survey of the National Sleep Foundation (USA) found that 47 percent of people with sleep problems may have been consuming caffeinated beverages to reduce sleepiness during the day, but a stimulant that acts cause difficulty sleeping.</li>
<li>Wash with warm water before bed to help the body to relax.</li>
<li>Ask your partner or someone else to massage the body before sleep. Massage all over the body, or even just in the back and the head is very helpful relaxes muscles and soothes the mind.</li>
<li>Create an atmosphere of calm, comfortable, and soothing in your bedroom.</li>
<li>Keep a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends.</li>
<li>Use your bedroom only for sleep, keep the TV, computer, file jobs elsewhere. Your mind must be established that the bedroom is a room solely for sleeping.</li>
</ul>
If you have severe sleep problems, consult your doctor. Severe insomnia can be a symptom of physical disorders that require medical treatment.

If You Have Sleep Pattern Disturbance

Sleep pattern disturbance can make you difficult to sleep at night and do not fit in the daytime. Stress, anxiety, caffeine, alcohol, and ...

Best Breakfast For Diabetics

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For diabetics, diet is a good example; reproduce eggs, cheese, spiced tofu, spiced tempeh, soy milk, or other sources of protein for breakfast. Protein foods in the morning makes your blood sugar stable throughout the day. Reduce portion of rice, bread, cereals and other carbohydrate sources in the breakfast. 
 
After consuming a diet rich in carbohydrates, blood sugar levels will rise even in healthy people. For diabetics, the rise could reach an alarming level. Breakfast rich in protein to help prevent this. Moreover, the benefits of breakfast with protein-rich foods was also continued until after lunch. Whatever is eaten during the day, blood sugar levels will tend to be lower when breakfast with protein-rich foods. 
 
The body's response is not always the same 
 
"People often think that the body always responds to carbohydrates in the same way, but in fact not the case," said study leader Professor Jill Kanaley from the University of Missouri-Columbia. "For example, we have known for a long time that blood sugar levels after lunch very high in people who skip breakfast. They were having breakfast in the morning will have a blood glucose relatively lower after lunch. " 
 
Team nutritionists, led by him, have studied how the breakfast composition effect on blood glucose curve during the day. For this purpose they provide breakfast rich in protein (35 percent protein / 45 percent carbohydrate) or high in carbohydrates (15 percent protein / 65 percent carbohydrate) to 12 patients with type 2 diabetes for seven days. On the seventh day they measure blood sugar levels, insulin and other hormones that are relevant. Measurements were made twice a day, after breakfast and after lunch rich in carbohydrates. 
 
Sugar curve after lunch 
 
Breakfast rich in protein makes the blood sugar curve after lunch ride at a much slower pace. "It shows that the body better regulate blood sugar levels," explains the researcher. Morning meal triggers the cells to increase the concentration of insulin at lunchtime, which indicates that the body acted appropriately in regulating blood sugar levels. 
 
Previous studies have shown that a diet rich in protein is generally stabilize the metabolism of sugar. They show that the consumption of more protein lowers the risk of diabetes. However, you do not need to consume excessive amounts of protein. About 25 to 30 grams of protein is enough for your breakfast. 
 
<a href="http://purba-java-indo.blogspot.co.id/2014/11/diabetes-mellitus-raw-foods-that.html">Diabetics</a> also need to understand that different foods produce different impacts and to really know the impact of every food they need to be consistent in monitoring blood sugar. Blood sugar levels after a meal may also change depending on how much physical activity has been done that day or how long gap between meals. 
 
Source: "A High-Protein Breakfast induces Greater insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide Responses to a Subsequent Lunch Meal in individuals with Type 2 diabetes", Journal of Nutrition, 2014; 145 (3): 452 DOI: 10.3945 / jn.114.202549

Best Breakfast For Diabetics

For diabetics, diet is a good example; reproduce eggs, cheese, spiced tofu, spiced tempeh, soy milk, or other sources of protein for break...

Differences in Body Temperature Between Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

Hypothermia and Hyperthermia 
 
As part of our body there is one area that controls body temperature. The position is located at the top of the medulla oblongata and covers the ears, jaw, teeth, gums, mouth, tongue and lips. 
 
Normal body temperature will ensure that every organ and system functioning normally. The actual temperature at any part of the body is not the same. Different body temperature is divided into four parts, namely the head, chest, stomach and legs. 
 
The disease is a condition that occurs when the temperature of an organ is not in a normal condition, namely whether the temperature is rising or falling. The phenomenon of decreased body temperature is called hypothermia, body temperature rose called hyperthermia. All the injuries and pain is the phenomenon of hypothermia. The phenomenon of hypothermia only applies in situations where the dying or almost dying or destruction of the body due to thermodynamic temperature environment fall sharply. 
 
 
Hypothermia 
 
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Hypothermia is a phenomenon of a sudden drop in body temperature. The decrease in body temperature is actually something that will cause a failure of a cell or organ function efficiently. Hypothermia most often occurs in the cool air. It usually occurs on the bare mountain climber with cold weather more than 6 hours in an oxygen deficiency which acts as fuel to balance the temperature. Hypothermia in the water occurs in the polar regions in a state of icy water and ambient air temperatures below freezing. 
 
 
Hyperthermia 
 
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Hyperthermia is the opposite of femomena sudden increase in body temperature. Hyperthermia only takes 4 hours to occur is shorter than hypothermia. Hypertermia usually occurs in hot and dry climates. Typically in the desert which brings dry winds. Dry winds make the body hydrated more quickly to raise the body temperature. Hyperthermia is rare in equatorial climates (due to high humidity even hot) except in case of prolonged drought.

Differences in Body Temperature Between Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

Hypothermia and Hyperthermia As part of our body there is one area that controls body temperature. The position is located at the top of t...

Health Tips, You Will Sleep More Soundly at Night with This Way

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Sleep is a silencing activity of our body and mind in some time. Because we know, before we sleep, a lot of activities that drain energy and our thoughts unceasingly. 
 
Sleep also can soothe the soul and the mind state that were hit by stress. For that we have to maintain the quality of our sleep so that is always good. It is characterized by sleep better every day. 
 
Various ways can we do to make our sleep more soundly. So that the activities will we do when awakened can be optimized and running smoothly. Health tips, will discuss tips for us to sleep more soundly. You Will Sleep More Soundly at Night with This Way : 
<ol>
<li>Set Bedtime and Wake Up Right. You must set bedtime and wake up right. So if you are sleeping on the hour that you specify, you should've gone to bed. Do this every day. As well as when you wake up, you should also set a wake at the times you specify and do this every day.</li>
<li>Avoid Eating and Drinking Before Bed. You should not eat before going to bed and drink excessively when going to bed. It will also disrupt the quality of your sleep soundly. Try not to drink coffee, smoke or drink alcohol before bed. Because it is also disturbing your sleeping comfort.</li>
<li>Quiet and Comfortable Bedrooms. Make your room more comfortable conditions for sleep. This can be done by listening to soft music or use lights that dim room can also help make the quality of your sleep more soundly. Try turning off the TV before going to bed. In order not to disturb your sleep in late with the condition of the TV still on.</li>
<li>The Comfortable Mattress. Try to bed you use can make you very comfortable. In this case do not be too narrow, so you difficult to move a mattress or bed that you occupy.</li>
<li>Limit Naps. If you want the quality of your night's sleep more soundly. Then you have to limit your nap. In this case you should not be too long nap. Try to nap for 10-30 minutes. This is to maintain the quality of your night's sleep more soundly.</li>
<li>Morning exercise. Try to exercise every day. This can be done in the morning with morning exercise. This can help make the quality of your sleep more soundly.</li>
<li>Manage Work Better. If you have many tasks for the next day or have a lot of problems the next day. A good idea to write them down in a book that contains the tasks that you will do tomorrow or contains any solution of your problems. It can also help you sleep better quality and soundly.</li>
</ol>

Health Tips, You Will Sleep More Soundly at Night with This Way

Sleep is a silencing activity of our body and mind in some time. Because we know, before we sleep, a lot of activities that drain energy ...