Pathophysiology of Tinnitus

According to the vibration frequency, tinnitus is divided into two kinds, namely:

• Low-frequency tinnitus (low tone) like rumble.
• High-frequency tinnitus (high tone) like the ringing.

Tinnitus is usually associated with sensorineural hearing loss and may also occur due to conduction disturbances, which is usually in the form of sound in a low tone. If accompanied by inflammation, will be felt pulsating buzzing (tinnitus pulsation) and usually occurs in the ear canal obstruction, tumor, otitis media, etc.

In sensorineural hearing loss, usually arising subjective tinnitus high tone (4000Hz). Occurs in the inner ear cavity when the high-energy sound waves propagate through the ear fluid, stimulate and kill auditory hair cells, then, the ear can not respond anymore to sound frequencies. However, if the loud noise only damage the hair cells before there will be a tinnitus, which is hard on the ears hum experienced by the patient. (Management of diseases and disorders ENT second edition of 2000 case 100). The composition of our ear consists of the ear canal, eardrum, the ossicles, and the cochlea. When there is noisy with the sound that exceeds the threshold, the ear can buzzing, ringing voice was due to the vibrating hairs in the cochlea could not stop shaking. Then the vibration received and forwarded the auditory nerve to the brain that respond to the onset of ringing.

The sensitivity of each person against different noise, but nearly everyone will experience noise deafness if ear experienced in a long time. Each measuring 85dB noise, can cause damage. The higher the noise exposure, the less exposure time that is safe for the ears.

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